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This list is a copy of angrykoala/awesome-esolangs with ranks

Awesome Esolangs ★73813

Curated list of awesome esoteric programming languages and resources.

“An esoteric programming language, or esolang, is a computer programming language designed to experiment with weird ideas, to be hard to program in, or as a joke, rather than for practical use.”
esolang.org

Languages
Resources
Articles
Community

Languages

Ajsone - Language defined completely in JSON.
Befunge - Two-dimensional language.
Brainfuck - Minimalist language using only 8 single-character commands.
Chef - Programs that look like cooking recipes.
Chicken - Only 1 valid symbol: ‘chicken’.
ChuckScript ★18 ⏳1Y - Unary-based language, where the code is a single number.
DNA# - Language based on the structure of the DNA.
Dots ★2 ⏳1Y - A turing-complete language with only one symbol: “.”.
False - Heavily offuscated language with a minimal implementation.
INTERCAL - Parody language intended to be completely different from other languages.
JSFuck ★3231 - Esoteric programming style based on the atomic parts of JavaScript.
LolCode - Language with keywords based on the lolcat meme expressions.
Malbolge - Named after the 8th level of hell, is designed to be as difficult as possible to program.
Ook! - Brainfuck-based language, where the commands are orangutan words.
reMorse - Morse-styled language.
Piet - Language in which programs look like abstract paintings using colors as code. Named after Piet Mondrian.
Shakespeare - Language where the code appear to be Shakespearean plays.
Suzy ★2 ⏳8Y - 3D language inspired in Befunge.
Thue ★1 ⏳3Y - Matrioshka language based on nondeterministic string rewriting of a semi-Thue grammar.
Unary - Brainfuck-based language where all the commands are 0.
Velato - Language that uses MIDI files as source, programs are defined by the pitch and order of notes.
Whenever - Language that does things whenever it wants.
Whitespace - Use only white-characters (space, tabs and newlines).
Z - Use only the letter z.

Resources

DM’s Esoteric Programming Languages - List of esoteric languages and algorithms written by dangermouse.
Esofiles ★23 - The Esoteric Files Archive, an archive of implementations of esoteric programming languages and examples.
Esolang - Wiki of esoteric programming languages and related Resources.
Progopedia - List of esoteric languages.
Rosettacode - Provides examples in different languages, including esoteric languages.
Wikipedia/Esoteric programming languages - Wikipedia list of esoteric languages.

Articles

Let’s Build a Basic Interpreter (Ruslan’s Blog) - Series of articles explaining the basics of compilers and interpreters and how to build one.
Six programming paradigms that will change how you think about coding - A post by Yevgeniy Brikman describing different programming paradigms that are not commonly applied.

Community

Freenode IRC Channel - The #esoteric IRC channel on freenode.
Reddit Esolangs - Reddit community on esolangs.

License

The content of this list is available under CC0 public domain dedication.

Logo is used by permission of David Morgan-Mar